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Research Methodology
The course is aimed at enabling the student to understand: • Research methodology • Statistical data analysis methods • Determination of errors in observations and calculations • Format for writing research report.
Meaning and definition of research, process of research, types of research (Basic and Applied), Research approaches. ii. Research Design: Purpose of research and time dimensions based research design: Explorative, Descriptive and Explanatory, Cross-sectional and Longitudinal research studies
Sampling Techniques: Census and Sampling methods, Probability and Non-Probability sampling procedures, Sample size determination ii. Variables: Meaning, Types of Variables. iii. Hypothesis: Meaning, Types and criteria of construction of hypothesis. iv. Distribution pattern: Normal distribution, Binomial distribution, Poisson’s distributio
Primary and Secondary data collection techniques Statistics: Meaning, Importance, Limitations, Classifications and Tabulation of data, discrete and continuous variables. Frequency Distributions and Cumulative frequency distribution, Diagrammatic and Graphical presentation of data Measure of Central Tendency: Mean, Median and Mode Measure of Dispersion Range, Quartile Deviation, Mean Deviation and standard deviation, coefficient of variation. Correlation and Regression analysis
Scaling Techniques: Purpose of Scaling Techniques, Types of scales: Nominal, Ordinal, Interval and Ratio Scales. Parametric tests: Sampling Distribution and Standard Error. Element of Testing a Statistical Hypothesis- Formulation of the problem, Types of errors. Level of significance, large sample test for proportions, single mean and difference in two means. Small sample test- Application of Student’s t- test for small sample for single mean, difference in two means (independent and paired-t). ANOVA Non-parametric analysis: Chi-square test for population variance, Krukal Wallis H Test, Mann Whitney U – test.
Introduction to various Statistical Softwares- SAS, AMOS, SPSS, etc. Basics of SPSS Reading Data, Using Data Editor, Examining summary statistics for individual variables, creating and editing charts, working with output, sorting and selecting data. Presentation and Report writing: i. Report Writing: Format of research report, presentation (Tables, Charts, Diagrams, Labeling), footnote, endnote, bibliography, references. ii. The elements of research project
Essential Reading: 1. Kothari, C.R. (Second Edition), Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques, Wishwa Publication, New Delhi.
2. Luck, David J. and Rubin, Ronald S., Marketing Research, Prentice-Hall of India Private Ltd., New Delhi.
3. Levin, Richard I. and Rubin, David S., Statistics for Management, Prentice-Hall of India Private Ltd., New Delhi
